<References>
Dore, Ronald P., Education in Tokugawa Japan, University of Michigan Center, 1984.
Iwanami Shoten, Keizai Shakai no Seiritsu: 17-18 seiki, Nihon Keizaishi 1 (Establishment of Economic Society: 17th-18th Centuries, Japanese Economic History vol. 1), A. Hayami & M. Miyamoto, eds, 1988.
Iwanami Shoten, Kindai Seicho no Taido, Nihon Keizaishi 2 (Signs of Modern Development, Japanese Economic History vol. 2), H. Shimbo & O. Saito, eds, 1989.
Nishikawa, Shunsaku, and Masatoshi Amano, "Shohan no Sangyo to Keizai Seisaku" (Industries and Economic Policies of Hans) in Iwanami Shoten, 1989.
Oishi, Shinzaburo, Edo Jidai (The Edo Period), Chuko Shinsho no.476, 1977.
Okazaki, Tetsuji, Edo no Sijokeizai: Rekishiseidobunseki kara Mita Kabunakama (The Market Economy of Edo: Trade Cartels from the Viewpoint of Historical Institutional Analysis), Kodansha Sensho Metier 155, 1999.
Saito, Osamu, Proto Kogyoka no Jidai (The Age of Proto-Industrialization), Nihon Hyoronsha, 1985.
Tanaka, Keiichi, Hyakusho no Edo Jidai (The Edo Period Led by Farmers), Chikuma Shinsho, 2000.
http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-7070.html
Data as of January 1994
https://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=ii
http://www.samurai-archives.com/edo.html
Berry, Mary Elizabeth. The Culture of Civil War in Kyôto Berkely, CA.: University of California Press, 1994
Berry, Mary Elizabeth. Hideyoshi Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982 [Very useful; Mary E. Berry is one of the best authors on medieval Japan] Bottemly, I. & A. P. Hopson Arms and Armor of the Samurai Crescent 1991 Bryant, Anthony Sekigahara 1600 Osprey Military 1995 [An interesting description of the Sekigahara Campaign graced with excellant maps] Cooper, Michael They Came To Japan University of California 1981 Elison, George Deus Destroyed Harvard 1991 [A fascinating work by one of the top names in the field] Ellison, George and Bardwell L. Smith, eds. Warlords, Artists, and Commoners Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1982 Hall, John Whitney. Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 - 1700 New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1966 Hall, John Whitney. Japan from Prehistory to Modern Times New York: Delacorte Press, 1970 Hall, John Whitney and Toyoda Takeshi. Japan in the Muromachi Age Berkely: University of California Press, 1977 Hall, John Whitney, Nagahara Keiji and Kozo Yamamura, eds. Japan Before Tokugawa Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981 [A highly valuable book - a must-have for the serious student] Hall, John W. and Marius B. Jansen (ed.) Studies in the Institutional History of Early Modern Japan Princeton 1968 Hane, Mikiso. Japan, a Historical Survey New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972 Hane, Mikiso. Modern Japan, a Historical Survey Colorado: Westview Press, 1992 Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The History of Japan New York: MacMillan Co., 1968 Leonard, Jonathan Norton. Early Japan New Jersey: Time-Life Books, 1974 of The Great Ages of Man Lu, David John. Sources of Japanese History USA: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1974 [A priceless reference for the english-speaking student] McCullough, Helen C. The Tale of the Heike Stanford 1988 Mass, Jeffery P. (ed.) Court and Bakufu in Japan Stanford 1995 Mass, Jeffery P. and William B. Hauser (ed.) The Bakufu in Japanese History Stanford 1985 [Another 'must-have' for the serious student] Mosher, Gouverneur Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide Tuttle 1964 Nish, Ian. A Short History of Japan New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1968 Parker, Geoffrey. The Millitary Revolution, 2nd Ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University 1996 [An excellent book on military history in general, focusing on European military history in particular, but with references to Oda Nobunaga and Hideyoshi as well] Perry, Commodore M. C. Narrative of the Expedition to the China Seas and Japan Dover Publications, 2000 [A recent reprint of the original 1856 text - fascinating] Reischauer, Edwin O. The Japanese Today USA: Harvard University Press, 1988 Reischauer, Edwin O. Japan, The Story of a Nation, 4th Ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1990 Reps, Paul. Zen Flesh, Zen Bones Rutland, Vermont: Doubleday, 1989 [Excellent Zen stories, with some interesting historical samurai references] Sadler, A. L. The Maker of Modern Japan Tuttle 1989 [A classic that continues to stand the test of time] Sansom, George. A History of Japan to 1334 California: Stanford University Press, 1999 [The better of Sansom's works] Sansom, George. A History of Japan, 1334 - 1615 California: Stanford University Press, 1996 [An entertaining read, if dated and at times inaccurate] Sato, Hiroaki. Legends of the Samurai Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1995 Shiba, Ryotaro The Last Shogun: The Life of Tokugawa Yoshinobu Kodansha 1998 [A great read definatly worth checking out] Totman, Conrad. Tokugawa Ieyasu, SHÔGUN Union City, California: Heian International Inc., 1990 Tsunoda, Ryusaku, Wm. Theodore De Bary, Donald Keene. Sources of Japanese Tradition New York: Columbia University Press, 1965 Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai - A Military History Japan Library, 1996 Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Warfare Arms and Armour Press, 1996 Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Warlords Blandford, 1992 Turnbull, Stephen Samurai Warriors Blandford 1987 Tyler, Royall (ed.) Japanese Noh Dramas Penguin 1992 Varley, H. Paul. The Ônin War New York: Columbia University Press, 1967 [THE source in English for info on the Ônin War - unfortunately it is no longer in print, but is available from a few online booksellers - if you are willing to pay the price] Yamamoto Tsunetomo The Hagakure Kodansha 1983 Yoshikawa, Eiji. Taikô USA: Kodansha International, Ltd., 1992
Abebayashi, Ichirô Sengokushi Shinbun Tokyo, Japan: Nihon Bugeisha, Inc., 1996 Bessatsu Rekishi Tokuhon #3, Nihonshi Jinbutsu Fushigi Jiten Japan: Shin Jinbutsu Ôrai Co., 1999 Bessatsu Rekishi Tokuhon #85, Sengoku no Kassen Japan: Shin Jinbutsu Ôrai Co., 1998 [An extensive examination of 59 battles of the Sengoku era, with maps and a full-color section of battle scrolls and panels of Sekigahara, Nagashino, and others.] Bessatsu Rekishi Tokuhon #91, Jôezu o Yomu Japan: Shin Jinbutsu Ôrai Co., 1998 [Full color and black & white reproductions of contemporary maps of over 50 famous japanese castles, paired with present day photos of the same locations taken by airplane.]
Kuwata, Tadachika Sengoku Bushô Kurôbanashi Japan: Chiteki Ikikata Bunko, 1991 Kuwata, Tadachika Sengoku no Bushô Sanjûnin Tokyo, Japan: Koizumi Seihon, Inc., 1996 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #1, Oda Nobunaga Japan: Gakken, 1996 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #5, Takeda Shingen Japan: Gakken, 1999 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #6, FuuRinKaZan Japan: Gakken, 1999 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #8, Uesugi Kenshin Japan: Gakken, 1999 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #49, Môri Senki Japan: Gakken, 1997 [A comprehensive examination of the Môri clan focusing on the 16th century, but including lots of information on the history of the clan as well, to its beginings in the 14th century. Also has sections detailing the Ôuchi and Amako clans. Included with this is a fold-out map of western Japan detailing the battles of Môri Motonari, with a 19th century map of Kôriyama castle on the back.] Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #50, Sengoku no Kassen Taizen (Part I) Japan: Gakken, 1997 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #51, Sengoku no Kassen Taizen (Part II) Japan: Gakken, 1997 Shimaoka, Akira Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokyo, Japan: Narumidô, Inc., 1995 Owada, Tetsuo Nihon no Rekishi, Kassen Omoshiro Hanashi Japan: Chiteki Ikikata Bunko, 1997
Iwanami Shoten, Keizai Shakai no Seiritsu: 17-18 seiki, Nihon Keizaishi 1 (Establishment of Economic Society: 17th-18th Centuries, Japanese Economic History vol. 1), A. Hayami & M. Miyamoto, eds, 1988.
Iwanami Shoten, Kindai Seicho no Taido, Nihon Keizaishi 2 (Signs of Modern Development, Japanese Economic History vol. 2), H. Shimbo & O. Saito, eds, 1989.
Nishikawa, Shunsaku, and Masatoshi Amano, "Shohan no Sangyo to Keizai Seisaku" (Industries and Economic Policies of Hans) in Iwanami Shoten, 1989.
Oishi, Shinzaburo, Edo Jidai (The Edo Period), Chuko Shinsho no.476, 1977.
Okazaki, Tetsuji, Edo no Sijokeizai: Rekishiseidobunseki kara Mita Kabunakama (The Market Economy of Edo: Trade Cartels from the Viewpoint of Historical Institutional Analysis), Kodansha Sensho Metier 155, 1999.
Saito, Osamu, Proto Kogyoka no Jidai (The Age of Proto-Industrialization), Nihon Hyoronsha, 1985.
Tanaka, Keiichi, Hyakusho no Edo Jidai (The Edo Period Led by Farmers), Chikuma Shinsho, 2000.
©2013 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-7070.html
Data as of January 1994
https://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=ii
http://www.samurai-archives.com/edo.html
Berry, Mary Elizabeth. The Culture of Civil War in Kyôto Berkely, CA.: University of California Press, 1994
Berry, Mary Elizabeth. Hideyoshi Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982 [Very useful; Mary E. Berry is one of the best authors on medieval Japan] Bottemly, I. & A. P. Hopson Arms and Armor of the Samurai Crescent 1991 Bryant, Anthony Sekigahara 1600 Osprey Military 1995 [An interesting description of the Sekigahara Campaign graced with excellant maps] Cooper, Michael They Came To Japan University of California 1981 Elison, George Deus Destroyed Harvard 1991 [A fascinating work by one of the top names in the field] Ellison, George and Bardwell L. Smith, eds. Warlords, Artists, and Commoners Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1982 Hall, John Whitney. Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 - 1700 New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1966 Hall, John Whitney. Japan from Prehistory to Modern Times New York: Delacorte Press, 1970 Hall, John Whitney and Toyoda Takeshi. Japan in the Muromachi Age Berkely: University of California Press, 1977 Hall, John Whitney, Nagahara Keiji and Kozo Yamamura, eds. Japan Before Tokugawa Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981 [A highly valuable book - a must-have for the serious student] Hall, John W. and Marius B. Jansen (ed.) Studies in the Institutional History of Early Modern Japan Princeton 1968 Hane, Mikiso. Japan, a Historical Survey New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972 Hane, Mikiso. Modern Japan, a Historical Survey Colorado: Westview Press, 1992 Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The History of Japan New York: MacMillan Co., 1968 Leonard, Jonathan Norton. Early Japan New Jersey: Time-Life Books, 1974 of The Great Ages of Man Lu, David John. Sources of Japanese History USA: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1974 [A priceless reference for the english-speaking student] McCullough, Helen C. The Tale of the Heike Stanford 1988 Mass, Jeffery P. (ed.) Court and Bakufu in Japan Stanford 1995 Mass, Jeffery P. and William B. Hauser (ed.) The Bakufu in Japanese History Stanford 1985 [Another 'must-have' for the serious student] Mosher, Gouverneur Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide Tuttle 1964 Nish, Ian. A Short History of Japan New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1968 Parker, Geoffrey. The Millitary Revolution, 2nd Ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University 1996 [An excellent book on military history in general, focusing on European military history in particular, but with references to Oda Nobunaga and Hideyoshi as well] Perry, Commodore M. C. Narrative of the Expedition to the China Seas and Japan Dover Publications, 2000 [A recent reprint of the original 1856 text - fascinating] Reischauer, Edwin O. The Japanese Today USA: Harvard University Press, 1988 Reischauer, Edwin O. Japan, The Story of a Nation, 4th Ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1990 Reps, Paul. Zen Flesh, Zen Bones Rutland, Vermont: Doubleday, 1989 [Excellent Zen stories, with some interesting historical samurai references] Sadler, A. L. The Maker of Modern Japan Tuttle 1989 [A classic that continues to stand the test of time] Sansom, George. A History of Japan to 1334 California: Stanford University Press, 1999 [The better of Sansom's works] Sansom, George. A History of Japan, 1334 - 1615 California: Stanford University Press, 1996 [An entertaining read, if dated and at times inaccurate] Sato, Hiroaki. Legends of the Samurai Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1995 Shiba, Ryotaro The Last Shogun: The Life of Tokugawa Yoshinobu Kodansha 1998 [A great read definatly worth checking out] Totman, Conrad. Tokugawa Ieyasu, SHÔGUN Union City, California: Heian International Inc., 1990 Tsunoda, Ryusaku, Wm. Theodore De Bary, Donald Keene. Sources of Japanese Tradition New York: Columbia University Press, 1965 Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai - A Military History Japan Library, 1996 Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Warfare Arms and Armour Press, 1996 Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Warlords Blandford, 1992 Turnbull, Stephen Samurai Warriors Blandford 1987 Tyler, Royall (ed.) Japanese Noh Dramas Penguin 1992 Varley, H. Paul. The Ônin War New York: Columbia University Press, 1967 [THE source in English for info on the Ônin War - unfortunately it is no longer in print, but is available from a few online booksellers - if you are willing to pay the price] Yamamoto Tsunetomo The Hagakure Kodansha 1983 Yoshikawa, Eiji. Taikô USA: Kodansha International, Ltd., 1992
Japanese Sources
Abebayashi, Ichirô Sengokushi Shinbun Tokyo, Japan: Nihon Bugeisha, Inc., 1996 Bessatsu Rekishi Tokuhon #3, Nihonshi Jinbutsu Fushigi Jiten Japan: Shin Jinbutsu Ôrai Co., 1999 Bessatsu Rekishi Tokuhon #85, Sengoku no Kassen Japan: Shin Jinbutsu Ôrai Co., 1998 [An extensive examination of 59 battles of the Sengoku era, with maps and a full-color section of battle scrolls and panels of Sekigahara, Nagashino, and others.] Bessatsu Rekishi Tokuhon #91, Jôezu o Yomu Japan: Shin Jinbutsu Ôrai Co., 1998 [Full color and black & white reproductions of contemporary maps of over 50 famous japanese castles, paired with present day photos of the same locations taken by airplane.]
Kuwata, Tadachika Sengoku Bushô Kurôbanashi Japan: Chiteki Ikikata Bunko, 1991 Kuwata, Tadachika Sengoku no Bushô Sanjûnin Tokyo, Japan: Koizumi Seihon, Inc., 1996 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #1, Oda Nobunaga Japan: Gakken, 1996 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #5, Takeda Shingen Japan: Gakken, 1999 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #6, FuuRinKaZan Japan: Gakken, 1999 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #8, Uesugi Kenshin Japan: Gakken, 1999 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #49, Môri Senki Japan: Gakken, 1997 [A comprehensive examination of the Môri clan focusing on the 16th century, but including lots of information on the history of the clan as well, to its beginings in the 14th century. Also has sections detailing the Ôuchi and Amako clans. Included with this is a fold-out map of western Japan detailing the battles of Môri Motonari, with a 19th century map of Kôriyama castle on the back.] Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #50, Sengoku no Kassen Taizen (Part I) Japan: Gakken, 1997 Rekishi Gunzô Shirizu #51, Sengoku no Kassen Taizen (Part II) Japan: Gakken, 1997 Shimaoka, Akira Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokyo, Japan: Narumidô, Inc., 1995 Owada, Tetsuo Nihon no Rekishi, Kassen Omoshiro Hanashi Japan: Chiteki Ikikata Bunko, 1997
