Politics

   The Tokugawa political system was one of the most complex feudal in world at that time. It's similar to the Europe feudal system. Instead of having kings, queens, or solder. They have Shogun daimyo and samurai. But it's not a feudal system, it's more like a high degree of independence. Because all the daimyo, bakufu and shogunate have some powers across from Japan. (like today we have president and officials)  The political system was call bakuhan(幕藩）. A combination of the terms bakufu ("tent" or military, i,e, centralized monarchical government) and han (domains) to describe the government and society of the period.Baku comes from bakufu which was the government the Tokugawa leaders used to administer their private affairs inside their own fief.

Here are some definations:

Edo	The old name for Tokyo. Edo literally means the mouth of bay. Incidentally, Tokyo means eastern capital (the western, or the traditional, capital is Kyoto).
Daimyo	Regional samurai ruler. During the Edo period, it meant the head samurai of a local government (han).
Shogun	Originally, the supreme commander of dispatched army. But it usually means the head of a central military government.
Bakufu	Residence of a military ruler. Later it meant the central military government itself.
Han	A local government (like province or prefecture) in the Edo period.